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Al-Kindi - Peter Adamson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al-Kindi - Peter Adamson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

This will be the first book in the Great Medieval Thinkers series to focus on an Islamic philosopher. It will offer a brief, accessible introduction to the thought of the philosopher al-Kindî (died about 870 AD). The classical tradition of Arabic philosophy may be said to have five most prominent figures: al-Kindî, al-Fârâbî, Avicenna, al-Ghazâlî, and Averroes. Of these, only al-Kindî has not been the subject of a scholarly monograph. This is despite the fact that his philosophy is much more tractable than that of the others insofar as the corpus of his surviving works is of modest size. His works, though brief, are of great historical importance. Al-Kindî was the first philosopher of the Islamic world. He was a central figure in the translation movement of 9th-century Baghdad, which rendered much of Greek philosophy, science, and medicine into Arabic. His works are also of great intrinsic philosophical interest, since al-Kindî, in engaging with the Greek tradition, develops original theories on key questions of philosophy of religion, metaphysics, physical science, and ethics. Peter Adamson will survey what is known of al-Kindîs life, examine his thought on a wide range of topics, and consider the relationship of al-Kindîs work to his Greek sources. Adamson is also preparing a one-volume translation of al-Kindîs works to be published in OUP Pakistan''s series, Studies in Islamic Philosophy. Together these two volumes will offer the only reliable access for non-specialists to this important thinker.

DKK 491.00
1

The al-Qaeda Franchise - Barak (associate Professor Of Political Science Mendelsohn - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The al-Qaeda Franchise - Barak (associate Professor Of Political Science Mendelsohn - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The al-Qaeda Franchise asks why al-Qaeda adopted a branching-out strategy, introducing seven franchises spread over the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. After all, transnational terrorist organizations can expand through other organizational strategies. Forming franchises was not an inevitable outgrowth of al-Qaeda''s ideology or its U.S.-focused strategy. The efforts to create local franchises have also undermined one of al-Qaeda''s primary achievements: the creation of a transnational entity based on religious, not national, affiliation. The book argues that al-Qaeda''s branching out strategy was not a sign of strength, but instead a response to its decline in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Franchising reflected an escalation of al-Qaeda''s commitments in response to earlier strategic mistakes, leaders'' hubris, and its diminished capabilities. Although the introduction of new branches helped al-Qaeda create a frightening image far beyond its actual capabilities, ultimately this strategy neither increased the al-Qaeda threat, nor enhanced the organization''s political objectives. In fact, the rise of ISIS from an al-Qaeda branch to the dominant actor in the jihadi camp demonstrates how expansion actually incurred heavy costs for al-Qaeda. The al-Qaeda Franchise goes beyond explaining the adoption of a branching out strategy, also exploring particular expansion choices. Through nine case studies, it analyzes why al-Qaeda formed branches in some arenas but not others, and why its expansion in some locations, such as Yemen, took the form of in-house franchising (with branches run by al-Qaeda''s own fighters), while other locations, such as Iraq and Somalia, involved merging with groups already operating in the target arena. It ends with an assessment of al-Qaeda''s future in light of the turmoil in the Middle East, the ascendance of ISIS, and US foreign policy.

DKK 415.00
1

Al- Ghazali's Philosophical Theology - Frank Griffel - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al- Ghazali's Philosophical Theology - Frank Griffel - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Muslim theologian al-Ghazali, who was active at the turn of the 12th century in Iran, Iraq, and Syria, was one of the most influential theologians of Islam. In this book, Frank Griffel will present the most comprehensive examination to date of the life and thought of this important figure. The book is divided into two parts. In the first, Griffel gives an account of what it known about al-Ghazali''s life, offers brief discussions of his major works, and examines the legacy of his thought by tracing the lineage of his students and followers. In the second part, he provides a systematic exploration of al-Ghazali''s theology. He explicates al-Ghazali''s views on epistemology, cosmology, physical theory, creation, ethics, theodicy, and a host of other topics. Throughout, he offers a serious revision to traditional views of al-Ghazali, showing that his most important achievement was the creation of a new rationalist theology in which he transformed the Aristotelian views of thinkers such as Avicenna to accord with motives that were well-established within Muslim theological discourse. The result is the most thorough available examination of a major thinker.

DKK 1060.00
1

Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement - Daniel Byman - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement - Daniel Byman - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever and unleashed a whirlwind of counterterrorism activity and two major wars had been on the scene long before that eventful morning. In Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, Daniel L. Byman, an eminent scholar of Middle East terrorism and international security who served on the 9/11 Commission, provides a sharp and concise overview of Al Qaeda, from its humble origins in the mountains of Afghanistan to the present, explaining its perseverance and adaptation since 9/11 and the limits of U.S. and allied counterterrorism efforts. The organization that would come to be known as Al Qaeda traces its roots to the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Founded as the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, Al Qaeda achieved a degree of international notoriety with a series of spectacular attacks in the 1990s; however, it was the dramatic assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 that truly launched Al Qaeda onto the global stage. The attacks endowed the organization with world-historical importance and provoked an overwhelming counterattack by the United States and other western countries. Within a year of 9/11, the core of Al Qaeda had been chased out of Afghanistan and into a variety of refuges across the Muslim world. Splinter groups and franchised offshoots were active in the 2000s in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen, but by early 2011, after more than a decade of relentless counterterrorism efforts by the United States and other Western military and intelligence services, most felt that Al Qaeda''s moment had passed. With the death of Osama bin Laden in May of that year, many predicted that Al Qaeda was in its death throes. Shockingly, Al Qaeda has staged a remarkable comeback in the last few years. In almost every conflict in the Muslim world, from portions of the Xanjing region in northwest China to the African subcontinent, Al Qaeda franchises or like-minded groups have played a role. Al Qaeda''s extreme Salafist ideology continues to appeal to radicalized Sunni Muslims throughout the world, and it has successfully altered its organizational structure so that it can both weather America''s enduring full-spectrum assault and tailor its message to specific audiences. Authoritative and highly readable, Byman''s account offers readers insightful and penetrating answers to the fundamental questions about Al Qaeda: who they are, where they came from, where they''re going-and, perhaps most critically-what we can do about it.

DKK 465.00
1

Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement - Daniel Byman - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement - Daniel Byman - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever and unleashed a whirlwind of counterterrorism activity and two major wars had been on the scene long before that eventful morning. In Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, Daniel L. Byman, an eminent scholar of Middle East terrorism and international security who served on the 9/11 Commission, provides a sharp and concise overview of Al Qaeda, from its humble origins in the mountains of Afghanistan to the present, explaining its perseverance and adaptation since 9/11 and the limits of U.S. and allied counterterrorism efforts. The organization that would come to be known as Al Qaeda traces its roots to the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Founded as the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, Al Qaeda achieved a degree of international notoriety with a series of spectacular attacks in the 1990s; however, it was the dramatic assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 that truly launched Al Qaeda onto the global stage. The attacks endowed the organization with world-historical importance and provoked an overwhelming counterattack by the United States and other western countries. Within a year of 9/11, the core of Al Qaeda had been chased out of Afghanistan and into a variety of refuges across the Muslim world. Splinter groups and franchised offshoots were active in the 2000s in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen, but by early 2011, after more than a decade of relentless counterterrorism efforts by the United States and other Western military and intelligence services, most felt that Al Qaeda''s moment had passed. With the death of Osama bin Laden in May of that year, many predicted that Al Qaeda was in its death throes. Shockingly, Al Qaeda has staged a remarkable comeback in the last few years. In almost every conflict in the Muslim world, from portions of the Xanjing region in northwest China to the African subcontinent, Al Qaeda franchises or like-minded groups have played a role. Al Qaeda''s extreme Salafist ideology continues to appeal to radicalized Sunni Muslims throughout the world, and it has successfully altered its organizational structure so that it can both weather America''s enduring full-spectrum assault and tailor its message to specific audiences. Authoritative and highly readable, Byman''s account offers readers insightful and penetrating answers to the fundamental questions about Al Qaeda: who they are, where they came from, where they''re going-and, perhaps most critically-what we can do about it.

DKK 127.00
1

Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology - Frank (professor Of Islamic Studies Griffel - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology - Frank (professor Of Islamic Studies Griffel - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Muslim thinker al-Ghazali (d. 1111) was one of the most influential theologians and philosophers of Islam and has been considered an authority in both Western and Islamic philosophical traditions. Born in northeastern Iran, he held the most prestigious academic post in Islamic theology in Baghdad, only to renounce the position and teach at small schools in the provinces for no money. His contributions to Islamic scholarship range from responding to the challenges of Aristotelian philosophy to creating a new type of Islamic mysticism and integrating both these traditions-falsafa and Sufism-into the Sunni mainstream.This book offers a comprehensive study of al-Ghazali''s life and his understanding of cosmology-how God creates things and events in the world, how human acts relate to God''s power, and how the universe is structured. Frank Griffel presents a serious revision of traditional views on al-Ghazali, showing that his most important achievement was the creation of a new rationalist theology in which he transformed the Aristotelian views of thinkers such as Avicenna to accord with intellectual currents that were well-established within Muslim theological discourse. Using the most authoritative sources, including reports from al-Ghazali''s students, his contemporaries, and his own letters, Griffel reconstructs every stage in a turbulent career. The al-Ghazali that emerges offers many surprises, particularly on his motives for leaving Baghdad and the nature of his "seclusion" afterwards. Griffel demonstrates that al-Ghazali intended to create a new cosmology that moved away from concerns held earlier by Muslim theologians and Arab philosophers. This new theology aimed to provide a framework for the pursuit of the natural sciences and a basis for Islamic science and philosophy to flourish beyond the 12th century.Al-Ghazali''s Philosophical Theology is the most thorough examination to date of this important thinker.

DKK 448.00
1

Inside the Muslim Brotherhood - Khalil Al Anani - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Inside the Muslim Brotherhood - Khalil Al Anani - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Over the past three decades, through rises and falls in power, regime repression and exclusion, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood has endured, proving more resilient than any other Islamist movement in the world. In this book Khalil al-Anani explores the factors that have enabled the Brotherhood to survive so long within an ever-changing political landscape. Inside the Muslim Brotherhood unpacks the principal factors that shape the movement''s identity, organization, and activism. Investigating the processes of socialization, indoctrination, recruitment, identification, networking, and mobilization that characterize the movement, al-Anani argues that the Brotherhood is not merely a political actor seeking power but an identity-maker that aims to change societal values, norms, and morals to line up with its ideology and worldview. The Brotherhood is involved in an intensive process of meaning construction and symbolic production that shapes individuals'' identity and gives sense to their lives. The result is a distinctive code of identity that binds members together, maintains their activism, and guides their behavior in everyday life. Al-Anani attributes the Brotherhood''s longevity to its tight-knit structure coupled with a complex membership system that has helped them resist regime penetration. The book also explores the divisions and differences within the movement and how these affect its strategy and decisions. The culmination of over a decade of research and interviews with leaders and members of the movement, this book challenges the dominant narratives about Islamists and Islamism as a whole.

DKK 264.00
1

Answering the Call - Abdullah Al Arian - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Answering the Call - Abdullah Al Arian - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

When revolutionary hero Gamal Abdel Nasser dismantled and suppressed Egypt''s largest social movement organization during the 1950s, few could have imagined that the Muslim Brotherhood would not only reemerge, but could one day compete for the presidency in the nation''s first ever democratic election. While there is no shortage of analyses of the Muslim Brotherhood''s recent political successes and failures, no study has investigated the organization''s triumphant return from the dustbin of history. Answering the Call examines the means by which the Muslim Brotherhood was reconstituted during Anwar al-Sadat''s presidency. Through analysis of structural, ideological, and social developments during this period in the history of the Islamic movement, a more accurate picture of the so-called "Islamic resurgence" developsone that represents the rebirth of an old idea in a new setting. The Muslim Brotherhood''s success in rebuilding its organization rested in large part on its ability to attract a new generation of Islamic activists that had come to transform Egypt''s colleges and universities into a hub for religious contention against the state. Led by groups such as al-Gama''ah al-Islamiyyah (The Islamic Society), the student movement exhibited a dynamic and vibrant culture of activism that found inspiration in a multitude of intellectual and organizational sources, of which the Muslim Brotherhood was only one. By the close of the 1970s, however, internal divisions over ideology and strategy led to the rise of factionalism within the student movement. A majority of student leaders opted to expand the scope of their activist mission by joining the Muslim Brotherhood, rejuvenating the struggling organization, and launching a new phase in its history. Answering the Call is an original study of the history of this dynamic and vibrant period of modern Egyptian history, giving readers a fresh understanding of one of Egypt''s most pivotal eras.

DKK 784.00
1

The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda - Fawaz A. (professor Of Middle Eastern Politics And International Relations Gerges - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc

The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda - Fawaz A. (professor Of Middle Eastern Politics And International Relations Gerges - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc

In this concise and fascinating book, Fawaz A. Gerges argues that Al-Qaeda has degenerated into a fractured, marginal body kept alive largely by the self-serving anti-terrorist bureaucracy it helped to spawn. In The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda, Gerges, a public intellectual known widely for his expertise on radical ideologies, including jihadism, argues that the Western powers have become mired in a "terrorism narrative, " stemming from the mistaken belief that America is in danger of a devastating attack by a crippled al-Qaeda. To explain why al-Qaeda is no longer a threat, he provides a briskly written history of the organization, showing its emergence from the disintegrating local jihadist movements of the mid-1990s-not just the Afghan resistance of the 1980s, as many believe-in "a desperate effort to rescue a sinking ship by altering its course. " During this period, Gerges interviewed many jihadis, gaining a first-hand view of the movement that bin Laden tried to reshape by internationalizing it. Gerges reveals that transnational jihad has attracted but a small minority within the Arab world and possesses no viable social and popular base. Furthermore, he shows that the attacks of September 11, 2001, were a major miscalculation--no "river " of fighters flooded from Arab countries to defend al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, as bin Laden expected. The democratic revolutions that swept the Middle East in early 2011 show that al-Qaeda today is a non-entity which exercises no influence over Arabs'' political life.Gerges shows that there is a link between the new phenomenon of homegrown extremism in Western societies and the war on terror, particularly in Afghanistan-Pakistan, and that homegrown terror exposes the structural weakness, not strength, of bin Laden''s al-Qaeda. Gerges concludes that the movement has splintered into feuding factions, neutralizing itself more effectively than any Predator drone. Forceful, incisive, and written with extensive inside knowledge, this book will alter the debate on global terrorism.

DKK 191.00
1

Inside the Muslim Brotherhood - Khalil Al Anani - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Inside the Muslim Brotherhood - Khalil Al Anani - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Inside the Muslim Brotherhood provides a comprehensive analysis of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt since 1981. The book unpacks the principal factors that shape the Brotherhood''s identity, organization, and activism, investigating the processes of socialization, indoctrination, recruitment, identification, networking, and mobilization utilized by the movement. Khalil al-Anani argues that the Brotherhood is not merely a political actor seeks power but also an identity maker that aims to change societal values, norms, and morals to line up with its ideology and worldview. As a socio-political movement, he finds, the Brotherhood is involved in an intensive process of meaning construction and symbolic production that shape individuals'' identity and gives sense to their lives. The result is Brotherhood a distinctive code of identity that governs the norms, values, and regulations that bind members together, maintains their activism, and guides their behavior in everyday life. The book also explains the Brotherhood''s durability and how it endured regime repression and exclusion over the past three decades, which al-Anani attributes to the organization''s structure and coherence. A tight-knit structure coupled with complex membership system has allowed the Brotherhood to resist regime penetration. Lastly, the book explores the balance of power within the Brotherhood. It investigates the divisions and differences within the movement and how this affects its strategy and decisions.

DKK 979.00
1

Al-Razi - Peter Adamson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al-Razi - Peter Adamson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book introduces readers to Abu Bakr al-Razi (known in Latin as Rhazes), one of the most innovative and divisive figures of the early philosophical tradition in the Islamic world. Drawing on his extant works on ethics and a range of quotations and testimony from often hostile medieval authors, Adamson reconstructs Razi''s cosmological system, which posits four principles alongside God for the making of the universe: Soul, Matter, Time, and Place. Adamson argues that this system is fundamentally based on Plato, while it accepts Aristotle''s physics as a "relative" or superficial description of the universe. This notorious theory of the "five eternals" led to charges of heresy. But through an examination of his debates with contemporary Islamic theologians and representatives of Ismaili Shiism, Adamson shows that Razi''s ideas about religion and prophecy may have been distorted by intellectual opponents. Razi''s scientific contributions are also considered in depth. One chapter is devoted to the philosophically rewarding aspects of Razi''s extensive writings on medicine. His ideas about alchemy are also discussed along with his atomist account of matter. The final chapter looks at Razi''s views on ethics, and argues against a prominent interpretation of him as a hedonist inspired by Epicureanism. The book presupposes no prior knowledge of Razi or specialist knowledge of this period in the history of philosophy. It will be rewarding for anyone with an interest in the reception of Greek philosophy, especially Plato, in the history of medicine, or of medieval philosophy more generally.

DKK 348.00
1

Al-Razi - Peter Adamson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Al-Razi - Peter Adamson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book introduces readers to Abu Bakr al-Razi (known in Latin as Rhazes), one of the most innovative and divisive figures of the early philosophical tradition in the Islamic world. Drawing on his extant works on ethics and a range of quotations and testimony from often hostile medieval authors, Adamson reconstructs Razi''s cosmological system, which posits four principles alongside God for the making of the universe: Soul, Matter, Time, and Place. Adamson argues that this system is fundamentally based on Plato, while it accepts Aristotle''s physics as a "relative" or superficial description of the universe. This notorious theory of the "five eternals" led to charges of heresy. But through an examination of his debates with contemporary Islamic theologians and representatives of Ismaili Shiism, Adamson shows that Razi''s ideas about religion and prophecy may have been distorted by intellectual opponents. Razi''s scientific contributions are also considered in depth. One chapter is devoted to the philosophically rewarding aspects of Razi''s extensive writings on medicine. His ideas about alchemy are also discussed along with his atomist account of matter. The final chapter looks at Razi''s views on ethics, and argues against a prominent interpretation of him as a hedonist inspired by Epicureanism. The book presupposes no prior knowledge of Razi or specialist knowledge of this period in the history of philosophy. It will be rewarding for anyone with an interest in the reception of Greek philosophy, especially Plato, in the history of medicine, or of medieval philosophy more generally.

DKK 922.00
1

Anwar al-Sadat - Robert L. Tignor - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Anwar al-Sadat - Robert L. Tignor - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Part of The World in A Life series, this brief, inexpensive text provides insight into the life of Anwar al-Sadat, one of the most transformative figures in Middle Eastern and world history. Little was expected of Sadat, as he came to power after the death of Egypt''s powerful modernizing leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser. However, he left an unparalleled mark on Egypt, the Middle East, and Cold War relations. He surprised the Israelis by starting the 1973 war, crossing the Suez Canal into Sinai. Though eventually Egypt was forced to sue for peace, Sadat won the support and praise of the Americans. His chief American supporters at the time were President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Not content with this partial military success, Sadat traveled to Jerusalem in 1977 to address the Israeli Knesset (parliament), marking the first time that an Arab leader had traveled to Israel and openly negotiated with the Israelis. He followed this trip with a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, signed between Prime Minister Menachem Begin and himself and brokered by President Jimmy Carter. In short, Sadat broke Egypt''s dependence on the Soviet Union, established strong relations with the United States, and recognized the state of Israel--all of these transformative events in Middle Eastern and world history.We live in a global age where big concepts like "globalization" often tempt us to forget the personal side of the past. The titles in The World in A Life series aim to revive these meaningful lives. Each one shows us what it was like to live on a world historical stage. Brief, inexpensive, and thematic, each book can be read in a week, fit within a wide range of curricula, and shed insight into a particular place or time. Four to six short primary sources at the end of each volume sharpen the reader''s view of an individual''s impact on world history.

DKK 159.00
1

Doctor, Teacher, Terrorist - Sajjan M. Gohel - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Doctor, Teacher, Terrorist - Sajjan M. Gohel - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

For over half a century, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri repeatedly emerged from the shadows as a vengeful ideologue hell-bent on changing history. Dr. Sajjan M. Gohel provides the first definitive account of one of the world''s most wanted terrorists. Having grown up in an illustrious Egyptian family of physicians, lawyers, clergy, and politicians, al-Zawahiri was originally destined to become a successful doctor. However, he chose to rebel against his own society which he deemed to have deviated from its religious identity. By forming his own terrorist group, al-Zawahiri dedicated his life to sedition and violent rebellion against the international order. Ayman al-Zawahiri led a life incomparable to anyone else. The Egyptian found himself in many of the places where history was being determined. His journey takes us across Egypt, Sudan, Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as the United States and Russia. Through his close bond with Osama bin Laden, al-Zawahiri played a critical role in the evolution of al-Qaeda''s ideology, recruitment, tactics, and strategy. With the deft touch of a teacher, al-Zawahiri delegated numerous murderous assignments globally. He engaged in the assassination of political leaders, sought to develop chemical and biological weapons, recruited double and triple agents, turned the tables on his enemies, and pioneered the use of new media technology to convey al-Qaeda''s zealotry. In 2011, al-Zawahiri succeeded bin Laden, to become the head of al-Qaeda and sought to rebuild and reform his organisation whilst being aided by murky ties in Pakistan and Iran and his Taliban allies. Against the background of the Arab Spring and the West''s departure from Afghanistan, al-Zawahiri left a deadly legacy for al-Qaeda''s future for years to come.

DKK 297.00
1

The Theater of Experiment - Al Coppola - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Theater of Experiment - Al Coppola - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The first book-length study of the relationship between science and theater during the long eighteenth century in Britain, The Theater of Experiment explores the crucial role of spectacle in the establishment of modern science by analyzing how eighteenth-century science was "staged" in a double sense. On the one hand, this study analyzes science in performance: the way that science and scientists were made a public spectacle in comedies, farces, and pantomimes for purposes that could range from the satiric to the pedagogic to the hagiographic. But this book also considers the way in which these plays laid bare science as performance: that is, the way that eighteenth-century science was itself a kind of performing art, subject to regimes of stagecraft that traversed the laboratory, the lecture hall, the anatomy theater, and the public stage. Not only did the representation of natural philosophy in eighteenth-century plays like Thomas Shadwell''s Virtuoso, Aphra Behn''s The Emperor of the Moon, Susanna Centlivre''s The Basset Table, and John Rich''s Necromancer, or Harelequin Doctor Faustus, influence contemporary debates over the role that experimental science was to play public life, the theater shaped the very form that science itself was to take. By disciplining, and ultimately helping to legitimate, experimental philosophy, the eighteenth-century stage helped to naturalize an epistemology based on self-evident, decontextualized facts that might speak for themselves. In this, the stage and the lab jointly fostered an Enlightenment culture of spectacle that transformed the conditions necessary for the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Precisely because Enlightenment public science initiatives, taking their cue from the public stages, came to embrace the stagecraft and spectacle that Restoration natural philosophy sought to repress from the scene of experimental knowledge production, eighteenth-century science organized itself around not the sober, masculine "modest witness" of experiment but the sentimental, feminized, eager observer of scientific performance.

DKK 979.00
1

Fridays of Rage - Sam Cherribi - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Fridays of Rage - Sam Cherribi - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Fridays of Rage reveals Al Jazeera''s surprising rise to that most respected of all Western media positions: the watchdog of democracy. Al Jazeera served as the nursery for the Arab world''s democratic revolutions, promoting Friday as a "day of rage" and popular protest. This book gives readers a glimpse into how Al Jazeera has strategically cast its journalists as martyrs in the struggle for Arab freedom while promoting itself as the mouthpiece and advocate of the Arab public. In addition to heralding a new era of Arab democracy, Al Jazeera has become a major influence over Arab perceptions of American involvement in the Arab World, the Arab-Israeli conflict, the rise of global Islamic fundamentalism, and the expansion of the political far right. Al Jazeera''s blueprint for "Muslim-democracy" was part of a vision announced by the network during its earliest broadcasts. The network embarked upon a mission to reconstruct the Arab mindset and psyche. Al Jazeera introduced exiled Islamist leaders to the larger Arab public while also providing Muslim feminists a platform. The inclusion and consideration of Westerners, Israelis, Hamas, secularists and others earned the network a reputation for pluralism and inclusiveness. Al Jazeera presented a mirror to an Arab world afraid to examine itself and its democratic deficiencies. But rather than assuming that Al Jazeera is a monolithic force for positive transformation in Arab society, Fridays of Rage examines the potentially dark implications of Al Jazeera''s radical re-conceptualization of media as a strategic tool or weapon.As a powerful and rapidly evolving source of global influence, Al Jazeera embodies many paradoxes--the manifestations and effects of which we are likely only now becoming apparent. Fridays of Rage guides readers through this murky territory, where journalists are martyrs, words are weapons, and facts are bullets.

DKK 939.00
1

Key Islamic Political Thinkers - - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Key Islamic Political Thinkers - - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Islam has become a potent political force around the world since it reemerged in the late 1960''s and 1970''s as a religio-political alternative to failed nationalist ideologies. In countries throughout the world, individuals and movements have attempted to reconstruct the political, economic, and social dimensions of their societies along Islamic lines, taking different approaches to the shari`a and to the questions of whether and how to establish an Islamic state. Key Islamic Political Thinkers offers an examination of some of the leading intellectuals behind the resurgence of political Islam. The essays in this volume cover a selection of thinkers that is representative of the main strands of contemporary Muslim political thought. It starts with the forefathers of contemporary political Islam, Hasan al-Banna and Abu al A`la al-Mawdudi, analyzes the revolutionary ideas of Sayyid Qutb, Ali Shari`ati, and Ayatollah Khomeini, and ends with the "intellectuals" of political Islam, Hassan al-Turabi, Rashid al-Ghannoushi, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Muhammad Khatami, and Abdolkarim Soroush, who exemplify the diversity and complexity of contemporary Muslim political discourse. This volume provides a valuable guide to the most important intellectual architects of the Islamic revival.

DKK 969.00
1

Key Islamic Political Thinkers - - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Key Islamic Political Thinkers - - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Islam has become a potent political force around the world since it reemerged in the late 1960''s and 1970''s as a religio-political alternative to failed nationalist ideologies. In countries throughout the world, individuals and movements have attempted to reconstruct the political, economic, and social dimensions of their societies along Islamic lines, taking different approaches to the shari`a and to the questions of whether and how to establish an Islamic state. Key Islamic Political Thinkers offers an examination of some of the leading intellectuals behind the resurgence of political Islam. The essays in this volume cover a selection of thinkers that is representative of the main strands of contemporary Muslim political thought. It starts with the forefathers of contemporary political Islam, Hasan al-Banna and Abu al A`la al-Mawdudi, analyzes the revolutionary ideas of Sayyid Qutb, Ali Shari`ati, and Ayatollah Khomeini, and ends with the "intellectuals" of political Islam, Hassan al-Turabi, Rashid al-Ghannoushi, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Muhammad Khatami, and Abdolkarim Soroush, who exemplify the diversity and complexity of contemporary Muslim political discourse. This volume provides a valuable guide to the most important intellectual architects of the Islamic revival.

DKK 316.00
1

50 Studies Every Vascular Surgeon Should Know - Julien Al Shakarchi - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

50 Studies Every Vascular Surgeon Should Know - Julien Al Shakarchi - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

50 Studies every Vascular Surgeon Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of Vascular Surgery. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including carotid artery disease, aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, trauma, venous disease and vascular access. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implication for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review to highlight the impact of the study on clinical practice. This book is a must read for vascular surgeons, especially those in training and preparing for board exams, as well as anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.

DKK 542.00
1

The Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology - Mohammed Gamal (faculty Abdelnour - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology - Mohammed Gamal (faculty Abdelnour - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

In the Islamic tradition, fiqh (Islamic law) is generally regarded as the science of furū''al-dīn (matters complementary to the Islamic faith), as opposed to kalām (Islamic theology) which is known as the science of uṣūl al-dīn (matters primary to the Islamic faith). Over time, however, fiqh has significantly surpassed Kalām in terms of cognitive maturation and epistemic development. In The Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology, Mohammed Gamal Abdelnour argues that far too little attention has been paid to parallel developments in Islamic theology. Consequently, the theological project in the Islamic tradition has largely become limited to definitions and deliberations about the nature and qualities of the transcendent God, and has barely developed as a systematic discipline devoted to the higher objectives of Islamic theology, similar to those of Maqāṣid al-Sharī?a (higher objectives of Islamic law). Addressing this gap and drawing on the full-fledged genre of Maqāṣid al-Sharī?a, this study aims to develop a genre of Maqāṣid al-?Aqīda (higher objectives of Islamic theology) based on a scheme of core values (Truth, Justice, Beauty), instead of a scheme of ḥudūd (penalties). Arguing that the tradition''s current overemphasis on law (Justice) has relegated both theology (Truth) and Sufism (Beauty) to the periphery of the tradition, Abdelnour illustrates how this marginalisation of theology and Sufism leaves less room for an "ethical Islam" and instead prioritises "legal" and "political Islam." In shifting the focus from law to theology, the book thereby grapples with such questions as: why did Islamic theology fail to develop a systemic genre of Maqāṣid al-?Aqīda? How do we chart out a map to guide the process of founding such an area? In what ways can the emerging Maqāṣid al-?Aqīda benefit from the well-established Maqāṣid al-Sharī?a? What are the ramifications of having an underdeveloped theology?

DKK 795.00
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Institutionalizing Violence - Jerome (research Associate At The Graduate Institute Of International And Development Studies (iheid) (centre On

Institutionalizing Violence - Jerome (research Associate At The Graduate Institute Of International And Development Studies (iheid) (centre On

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.The Egyptian al-Jama''a al-Islamiyya and Islamic Jihad have shaped the trajectory of jihadi salafism since its inception and defined a key strategic divide between mass-movement mobilization and elitist avant-gardism. Despite their shared histories, however, al-Jama''a al-Islamiyya rejected al-Qaeda''s transnational violence and became a political party after 2011, whereas Islamic Jihad has formed the backbone of Osama bin Laden''s organization. These strategic divergences are puzzling since these groups emerged in the same country around congruent ideologies. Institutionalizing Violience develops an institutional approach to radicalization to compare the two groups'' comparative trajectories. It is based on extensive field research conducted with their leaders and members in Egypt. The interviews provide a unique perspective on how jihadi groups make and implement new strategic decisions in changing environments, as well as the evolution of their approaches to violence and non-violence.

DKK 646.00
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An Unlikely Audience - William (assistant Professor Youmans - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

An Unlikely Audience - William (assistant Professor Youmans - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

In 2006, the Al Jazeera Media Network sought to penetrate the United States media sphere, the world''s most influential national market for English language news. These unyielding ambitions surprised those who knew the network as the Arab media service President Bush lambasted as "hateful propaganda" in his 2004 State of the Union address. The world watched skeptically yet curiously as Al Jazeera labored to establish a presence in the famously insular American market. The network''s decade-long struggle included both fleeting successes, like the sudden surge of popular interest during the Arab spring, as well as momentous failures. The April 2016 closure of its $2 billion Al Jazeera America channel was just one of a series of setbacks. An Unlikely Audience investigates the inner workings of a complex news organization fighting to overcome deep obstacles, foster strategic alliances and build its identity in a country notoriously disinterested in international news. William Youmans argues counter-intuitively that making sense of Al Jazeera''s tortured push into the United States as a national news market, actually requires a local lens. He reveals the network''s appeal to American audiences by presenting its three independent US-facing subsidiaries in their primary locales of production: Al Jazeera English (AJE) in Washington, DC, Al Jazeera America (AJAM) in New York, and AJ+ in San Francisco. These cities are centers of vital industries-media-politics, commercial TV news and technology, respectively. As Youmans shows, the success of the outlets hinged on the locations in which they operated because Al Jazeera assimilated aspects of their core industries. An Unlikely Audience proves that place is critical to the formation and evolution of multi-national media organizations, despite the rise of communication technologies that many believe make location less relevant. Mining data from over 50 interviews since 2010, internal documents, and original surveys, the book offers a brisk and authoritative account of the world''s most recognizable media-brand and its decade-long ingress into the US - crucial background for Al Jazeera''s continued expansion in the United States.

DKK 354.00
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Sufism for Non-Sufis? - Sherman A. Jackson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Sufism for Non-Sufis? - Sherman A. Jackson - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

Few forms of classical Islam are more controversial among modern Muslims than the spiritual discipline known as Sufism. Yet, in the face of the modern Muslim tendency to limit Islam''s deployment to the emphatically political, few expressions of the religion could be more central to its spiritual vitality in the modern world. In his translation and analysis of Ibn ''Ata'' Allah al-Sakandari''s Taj al-''Arus, Sherman A. Jackson demonstrates that violent, lax, or rigid readings of the texts of Islam are just as much a result of the state of spiritual health, awareness, and fortitude of those who read and deploy them as they are of the substance of the Qur''an, Sunna, and the teachings of Islam''s sages.Sufism for Non-Sufis?: Ibn ''Ata'' Allah al-Sakandari''s Taj al-''Arus shows the effort of a renowned Sufi master (d. 1309 CE) to circumvent the controversies and misunderstandings concerning Sufism to explain Islam''s tradition of devotional rectitude, spiritual refinement, and purification of the self to the everyday Muslim. To this end, al-Sakandari avoids virtually every aspect of Sufism known to raise problems for opponents or non-adepts - theological, institutional, even terminological - instead attempting to cultivate a proper relationship with God, not merely intellectually or theologically but experientially and psycho-dynamically. Written in the classical style of spiritual aphorisms, this work is a treasure-trove of classical Islamic spiritual wisdom, free of all of the usual barriers between Sufism and the common believer.

DKK 697.00
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The Anthropology of Islamic Law - Aria Nakissa - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Anthropology of Islamic Law - Aria Nakissa - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Anthropology of Islamic Law shows how hermeneutic theory and practice theory can be brought together to analyze cultural, legal, and religious traditions. These ideas are developed through an analysis of the Islamic legal tradition, which examines both Islamic legal doctrine and religious education. The book combines anthropology and Islamicist history, using ethnography and in-depth analysis of Arabic religious texts. The book focuses on higher religious learning in contemporary Egypt, examining its intellectual, ethical, and pedagogical dimensions. Data is drawn from fieldwork inside al-Azhar University, Cairo University''s Dar al-Ulum, and the network of traditional study circles associated with the al-Azhar mosque. Together these sites constitute the most important venue for the transmission of religious learning in the contemporary Muslim world. The book gives special attention to contemporary Egypt, and also provides a broader analysis relevant to Islamic legal doctrine and religious education throughout history.

DKK 848.00
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